What you are looking for is possible, and quite easy if you have programming experience, or patience and willingness to learn. You can use GPIB or RS232 protocols with the Keithley 2182 if I remember correctly. The instrument understands SCPI commands, and the manuals and example scripts are readily available online from Tektronix, the owners of Keithley. See https://www.tek.com/keithley-low-level-sensitive-and-specialty-instruments/keithley-nanovoltmeter-mo...
If you don't have programming experience, I'm sure Keithley/Tektronix offer free software for simple tasks like taking readings vs. time or readings vs. bias sweep. You can look into that on their website as well.
I can't comment on the state of Matlab or PyVISA these days, but they should work. You could look into the student version of LabVIEW, its reasonably priced. Matlab definitely requires the connectivity toolkit, which isn't cheap (more expensive than LabVIEW FULL just for that toolkit if memory serves!)
Do you have an NI GPIB-USB-HS or other brand of USB-GPIB? That could be the most difficult frustrating part. Make sure you install the right drivers (NI-VISA, NI-MAX, for NI hardware or other manufacturer's drivers) then plug the USB-GPIB into the PC and make sure that it is discovered and working correctly. This is often the part that trips people up. Lots of tutorials on how to do it right so read through those if you get stuck.
Good luck!
Craig
