Well, thanks for yoour anxwer, but the exact answer to my problem is given in the "datasocket OPC" example. In this example, it says that : "This example uses the DataSocket VIs that shipped with versions of LabVIEW prior to version 6i. These VIs are provided with LabVIEW 6i for compatibility. The DataSocket primitives shipping with LabVIEW 6i are not currently fully compatible with OPC. When using DataSocket to connect to OPC Servers, use the older compatibility DataSocket VIs."
This comment explains why I couldn't find (in the current 6.1 LV version) a datasocket read vi allowing me to read the OPC quality status. The required VI exists in prior versions, and is given in dataskt.llb.