The first option is to build your functions into a DLL and call them from LV.
I'm not sure if your version of Delphi can produce ActiveX components. If the answer is positive, you can call their methods from LV too.
If is not to complicated to translate your routines in C code, you can integrate/call them in LV as CINs
(Code Interface Nodes). If the code is not too big, you may consider formula node in LV.
The last option is an executable built in Delphi. It will be complicated to transfer data to/from, but this depends on your inputs/outputs related to those calculations.
Regarding performance, I think the order is 1-CIN,2-DLL and 3-
ActiveX.
Hope this helps