By accident, today I found the reason for error -2147220712.
When booting the operating system, both GigE cameras were not powered up and my ugly DAQmx-Init-Loop (mentioned above) only executed once!
It turns out that the responsibility is one networking interface: It uses a Marvell chip. When disconnecting the LAN cable from this interface, my application initialises as expected even when booting the operating system. (I unplugged the LAN cable because the camera is covered and thus difficult to reach.)
As this networking interface will not be used later, this is just a minor issue.
As I see now, it is definitely not a sole DAQmx issue.
Regards, Guenter