After posting this I found another similar discussion and the following code will solve this problem:
char * comment_str = NULL;
// ...
TS_PropertyGetProperty(hndl_prop, &errorInfo, TS_PropertyComment, CAVT_CSTRING, &comment_str);
// ...
CA_FreeMemory(comment_str);
Also note that the comment of the entire sequence file is not stored directly in the property object from the SequenceFile, but instead in the comment of the "Data" subproperty. The following code accesses the comment of a sequence file:
char * file_comment_str = NULL;
CAObjHandle hndl_seq_data_prop = 0;
// ...
TS_PropertyGetPropertyObject(hndl_prop, &errorInfo, "Data", 0, &hndl_seq_data_prop);
TS_PropertyGetProperty(hndl_seq_data_prop, &errorInfo, TS_PropertyComment, CAVT_CS
TRING, &file_comment_str);
// ...
CA_FreeMemory(file_comment_str);
CA_DiscardObjHandle(hndl_seq_data_prop);