Student Projects
Contact Information
University: Higher Institute of Technology & Industrial Design, Douala (ISTDI)
Team Members (with year of graduation): (1) KAMTA TSEFFO FIDELSON W. , (2) TADONFACK TATSOP BOSCO , (3) MOUSSINGA LOUIS JOHAN
Faculty Advisers: Jean Blaise TEGUIA
Email Address: blaise.teguia@istdi.net / fidelsonkamta@yahoo.fr
Submission Language : English
Project Information
Title: PC based instrumentation system for fire prevention of buildings
Abstract
Our name project is << PC based instrumentation system for fire prevention of buildings >>. What we want to do firstly is to detect automatically the potential beginning of fire in every building in our town, secondly to inform the post control and finally to interrupt the electrical alimentation of the building concern as a first security act. In this project we will use LABVIEW, myDAQ, GSM modules, microcotrollers, temperature and smoke sensors.
Project Introduction
Since 2000s fire wreak havoc our country the Cameroon. For example of markets or buildings who were consumed by fire we have the market «le marché congo » with more than 200 shops who were consumed by fire in 2010, the market “le marché Mboppi”, the ministry of finance in July 2012 and many supermarket like FODOU, QUIFFEROU many others in 2013. Since the beginning of this problem we can note that the government can’t really tell that all is in control. To illustrate that we try to show in this diagram the evolution of fire in our country.
The majority of those fires has human’s origins (carelessness, malicious arson, technical causes), for specialists fire can start when we develop punctual accidental overheating precisely in the different connection of our electricity network, we can not detect it but we can alert people about the place of the beginning of fire and then help people to try to stop fire before the spread of fire. Then what we are going to do is to use the technology of NI to give a real solution to that problem. To reach to our goal we need Labview, Mydaq, GSM Modules, Microcontrollers, and smoke sensors.
Design Methodology
Design architecture
The system is the prevention of fire whose functions are: detect, alert or inform and try to stop the evolution of fire. Fire is detected by sensors such as gas sensor (MQ-7), temperature sensors (TMP36). To alert we will analyze measures our sensors. To alert people we send message to the user (owner, police and firefighter).
Three main functions perform our system: the acquisition function, analysis function and communication function (GSM and Web).
The acquisition function is made by using the myDAQ which is going to acquired informations which provide from sensors and then return it to LABVIEW for analysis.
The result of analysis function is made by doing every time comparison between the values of sensors and the critical values of those sensors that we have detect after experimentation. For the beginning of the prevention procedure we firstly cut the power of the shop where fire is detect and then call the fire brigade and police.
The communication function is going on when the given values of sensors is critical. We have a sound which comes from the computer which alert the post control
And then, the GSM module sends a message at the program to cut electricity power and it sends warning message at the user (shop’s owner, police and firefighter)
The GSM module, after sending message, we wait a new acquisition of the Mydaq through the sensors , it receives a message which ask to put On the current in the shop or building
The communication function can be made by Web server, for the remote control of our VI or give the access to the other user. Through the Web server we can control our VI with the mobile phone or other computer connected to it by internet
Functional Description
The realization of our project asks a deep study of the functions of the system and used components such as sensors, GSM module, microcontroller and so on.
The acquisition function pass by NI myDAQ which analyze the values given by the sensors
NI myDAQ is a low-cost portable data acquisition (DAQ) device that uses NI Labview-based software instruments, allowing students to measure and analyze real-world signals. NI myDAQ is ideal for exploring electronics and taking sensor measurements. Combined with NI Labview on the PC, students can analyze and process acquired signals and control simple processes anytime, anywhere.
NI myDAQ provides analogue input (AI), analogue output (AO), digital input and output (DIO), audio, power supplies, and digital multimeter (DMM) functions in a compact USB device
The sensors which NI myDAQ analyzes generate the values which will be read by Labview software, their data sheet shows that for :
- The temperature sensor, we have The TMP36 is low voltage, precision centi-grade temperature sensors. It provides a voltage output that is linearly proportional to the Celsius (centigrade) temperature. The TMP36 do not require any external calibration to provide typical accuracies of ±1°C at +25°C and ±2°C over the −40°C to +125°C temperature range.
The low output impedance of the TMP36 and its linear output and precise calibration simplify interfacing to temperature control circuitry and ADCs. All three devices are intended for single-supply operation from 2.7 V to 5.5 V maxi-mum. The supply current runs well below 50 μA, providing very low self-heating—less than 0.1°C in still air. In addition, a shutdown function is provided to cut the supply current to less than 0.5 μA.
Structure and configuration of MQ-7 gas sensor is shown below (Configuration A or B), sensor composed by micro AL2O3 ceramic tube, Tin Dioxide (SnO2) sensitive layer, measuring electrode and heater are fixed into a crust made by plastic and stainless steel net. The heater provides necessary work conditions for work of sensitive components. The enveloped MQ-7 have 6 pin, 4 of them are used to fetch signals, and other 2 are used for providing heating current
standard measuring circuit ofMQ-7 sensitive components consists of 2 parts. One is heating circuit having time control function (the high voltage and the low voltage work circularly ). The second is the signal output circuit, it can accurately respond changes of surface resistance of the sensor.
The communication function pass by the activation of the microcontroller which permits to the GSM module to send and receive the message.
Our microcontroller is the ATmega168 associated to a Max232 for RS232. This is the programming
And Web server for the remote control
Results and Discussion
At the end of this project, we are able to control the progress of fire in our buildings installations and then we can assure the maximum security in those installations.
There are many challenges we faced in the realization of our project. Firstly all the materials we asked were not what we have received, but fortunately we study those sensors and then try to make our best with those sensors.
Secondly the communication part between buildings and users was not easy to realize because the GSM module that we asked was not sent. That is why we used GSM module which is incorporate in Sony Ericsson phone with microcontroller because the communication mode which is PDU (Protocol Data Unit) was not easy to decode in Labview.
For the commercialization of our product, while we are looking the historic of fire in Cameroon, it inspires us to propose for the first time in our country a company which must assure the goods of people in their buildings like homes, shops, supermarkets etc…The company must be connected with the police, the fire brigade etc… for the intervention when fire is detected. The advantage is that the company can be everywhere in the world and don’t need a person to make the first intervention by cutting power, alert fire brigade, police and users. We are now sure that we will reduce the percentage of fire in our country with our company.
Conclusion
Realize this project was a great experience for us. In this competiton the question was to give a solution about a problem of our country, in our case it was fire in our market and that is what we have done because we are now able to propose to our government with the help of NI a solution about that problem.
