Student Projects
Contact Information
University: PSG College of Technology
Team Members (with year of graduation): (1) Sowmya K. , (2) Aparna S. , (3) Dhivya Praba G. , (4) Ramya R. R.
Faculty Advisers: Mr. S. Mohandass
Email Address: mohandass25@yahoo.com
Submission Language : English
Project Information
Title: Smart Surveillance for Theft Control
Description:
PROJECT VISION
This project provides security in a smart way and notifies the user with a text message and a picture of the intruder. This is a better way of theft control.
DESCRIPTION
The objective of this project is to facilitate the user with a simple, customized technology to effectively secure his/her premises. The project aims to provide a cheaper and a Smart Model of Surveillance to ensure safety and security.
The project is a TWO WAY SECURITY SYSTEM which offers,
- 1. Vision based security
- 2. Motion based security
Motion based security helps when the light conditions are unfavourable to the camera. Vision based security in combination with a motion sensor helps in not alerting in case of small insects or animals.
The main advantages are cost-effectiveness and easy implementation. Today we all see the security cameras in almost all malls, colleges, streets, airports and in many more public places. But won’t it be nice if these cameras became smarter and interactive? The only thing the user needs is his cell phone to monitor his house.
Products
- NI PCI-8252
- USB- 6009 14bit, 48 kS/s Multifunction I/O and NI-DAQmx Software
- NI LABVIEW 11
- Camera, Basler scA640-70fm
- Lens, Computar M1214-MP, 12mm, F1.4, Megapixel
- Phone which supports Email Notifcation(freeware by Google)
- PIR Motion Sensor
WORKING
The entire system employs only a few components and an already SMTP protocol. To explain the operation in brief, the camera keeps a keen watch over the surroundings and sends frame after frame to the LabVIEW software. This software detects major variations between frames in case of an intrusion and alerts the user with a notification message and picture of the intruder.
SOFTWARE SUPPORT
Labview 2012 has new tools and resources that helps in building a high-quality measurement or control system that will scale for the future. With new capabilities and features like templates and sample projects, self-paced training, and NI’s continued investment in stability improvements, LabVIEW 2012 accelerates success. The NI Vision Development Module is designed to help us develop and deploy machine vision applications. It includes hundreds of functions to acquire images from a multitude of cameras and to process images by enhancing them, checking for presence, locating features, identifying objects, and measuring parts. The picture taken by the camera is to be mailed to the user who owns the surveillance system. Our LabVIEW VI contains the email block which uses SMTP mail block, where user name, mail address of the sender, mail address of the receiver, carbon copy, message and the photo attachments are to be added by the authorized user.
HARDWARE SUPPORT
USB-6009-DAQ CARD
With recent bandwidth improvements and new innovations from National Instruments, USB has evolved into a core bus of choice for measurement applications. The NI USB-6008 and USB-6009 are low-cost data acquisition (DAQ) devices with easy screw connectivity and a small form factor. With plug-and-play USB connectivity, these devices are simple enough for quick measurements but versatile enough for more complex measurement applications.
The USB-6009 has removable screw terminals for easy signal connectivity. For extra flexibility when handling multiple wiring configurations, NI offers the USB-600x Connectivity Kit, which includes two extra sets of screw terminals, extra labels, and a screwdriver. In addition, the USB-600x Prototyping Kit provides space for adding more circuitry to the inputs of the USB-6009.
MOTION SENSOR
The PIR (Passive Infra-Red) Sensor is a pyroelectric device that detects motion by measuring changes in the infrared levels emitted by surrounding objects. This motion can be detected by checking for a high signal on a single I/O pin. Motion detector module uses a motion detector IC and PCB mounted Fresnel lens. A PIR detector combined with a Fresnel lens are mounted on a compact size PCB together with an analog IC, SB0061, and limited components to form the module. High level output of variable width is provided.
BASLER CAMERA
National Instruments offers IEEE 1394 cameras from Basler Vision Technologies. Basler cameras are thoroughly checked for quality and calibrated for consistent performance and reliability. In addition, they are compatible with NI vision hardware and NI Vision Acquisition software. Along with the drivers, GUI based software is provided that lets users easily set camera parameters, adjust image quality, and control cameras from a remote computer. Basler scout cameras are a perfect fit for a variety of vision applications including semiconductor and component inspection, manufacturing quality control, food and beverage inspection, intelligent traffic systems, microscopy and medical imaging, biometrics, and many others. We used NI Basler camera with NI PCI-8252. NI PCI-8252 has 3 IEEE 1394a camera input ports. The camera is run by the LabVIEW. The VI uses Vision Acquisition Block to snap a picture every second. Then the two pictures are processed and compared. The result gives a TRUE output for an intrusion and a FALSE for the other case.
CONSTRUCTING VI
The steps involved in building VI are
- Image acquisition
- Delay unit
- Image quantification
- Comparison Block
- Simple Mail Transfer Protocol
- Saving the image
FLOWCHART OF LABVIEW IMPLEMENTATION:
IMAGE ACQUISITION
The vision acquisition block is used to snap and grab the frames continuously using the Basler camera. Basler camera gets detected under NI-IMAQ devices when connected. Initially the camera is made to undergo a self test for proper focussing and we thus make it ready for our security purpose. It is focussed such that all objects of the room are properly visible for our convenience. Snapping and processing comes in handy when surveillance is concerned.
DELAY UNIT
Every 2 seconds the Basler camera snaps a picture. The delay unit is used to create a time delay of 2 secs. A “while” case structure is in a loop and it will wait until 2 secs gets completed. There is a “ms delay unit” in LabVIEW that will produce a delay inside the case structure. After the VI is delayed for the specified amount of time again another vision acquisition block is used to snap another image. The second vision acquisition block does the same job as that of the former but without any delay. Thus there are two images one without delay(image B) and the other image that is taken 2 secs before(image A).
IMAGE QUANTIFICATION
Now two images are available-image A and image B. Image A is taken first and Image B is taken after a 2 sec delay. These two images are now quantified using the block shown below. Quantisation essentially means taking a statistical report of the image. The statistical measurements include data like area, standard deviation, mean value etc. and various measurements available in IMAQ Quantify block is listed below for reference. The two images with delay and without delay do not differ much with statistical measurements unless an intruder comes. If an intruder or any other changes occur in the focussed area, the standard deviation between frames vary drastically. But there is not noticeable change in area.
Every image has a unique standard deviation value. This varies even when the brightness of the light changes. The standard variation of both the images have been obtained.
UNBUNDLING BY NAME
The statistical block which has several quantification parameters within can be unbundled using the following unit.(i.e.) it is a kind of demultiplexing unit in electronics. Thus the most noticeably varying standard deviation is extracted out of various parameters. Now the parameter could be used for further comparison. Here a cluster of parameters getting demultiplexed to a separate parameter blocks.
IMAGE COMPARISON
The two images whose standard variation values are known have to be compared now. This is done using the subtract block. Thus this block subtracts two standard deviation values and stores in the output terminal block. This block is chosen since this block is more easier when compared with IMAQ subtract block where only subtracted image appears at the output which is quite complex to be quantified than this handy standard deviation subtraction. Thus there is a numerical value of subtraction between images that is more comfortable enough for triggering any case structure or loop structure to be used further. The standard deviation is known to vary slightly for frames that does not account for any intrusion. So two constant blocks with values 10 and -10 are used to compare the subtracted standard deviation value. If the value obtained after subtraction is greater than 10 “or”(i.e. OR function block between two COMPARISON blocks) less than -10, the mail block is triggered.
After subtracting the two standard variations this value is compared with a constant to discard the slight changes in the environment. The comparison block is shown below. The output of this block will be a TRUE or FALSE value. Depending on this value we make decision on whether to send a mail or not. The decision making is done using a case structure block and a while block.
MAIL NOTIFICATION
Whenever the subtracted standard deviation is large(i.e.> than 10 or <than -10), a mail notification is sent to the user. So the output value is connected to the case structure that sends the mail to the user if TRUE ,if not do nothing. A SMTP mail tool box is used for availing a mail service that is available in Lab VIEW. All that is needed is to specify the sender’s mail address, recipient’s mail address, the subject, the mail body and attachments if any. Here the intruder’s picture with an alert message about the intrusion is sent to the user. And also a carbon copy of the mail is sent to the police station.
The sender’s email address, sender’s name, recipient’s email address, recipient’s name and all other information are given in the form of CONSTRUCTOR NODES in the format of .NET objects. If user enters a CC address the mail block is asked to perform the corresponding operation otherwise it does nothing.
SAVING THE IMAGE
The main aim of this project is to mail the picture taken by the camera. In order to send an image as mail there is a need to save the image in JPEG format. Saving an image which has more standard deviation than the previous images requires a file path. Instead of giving some arbitrary path name, which may not be the exact path, the path name is generated where the intruder image is saved. The current VI’s program path is first obtained. This path name is stripped using “STRIP PATH” icon and built again with a name of the image(for eg.FRAME.jpeg). for this purpose “BUILD PATH” icon is used. Once the path name is obtained the image is saved onto the disk using IMAQ WRITE block.
CONCLUSION
We have used the current trend of technologies and combined their applications in an effective way to benefit the economically weaker class to enjoy the fruits of Electronics. Thus, an efficient security setup has been implemented using an easy-to-use software called LabVIEW. Cost effectiveness can well be mentioned as one of the prime strengths of this setup as it demands just a camera and Lab VIEW software. While camera monitors the surroundings continuously, Lab VIEW takes charge of notifying the user with an alert message whenever security is endangered. In a nutshell, LabVIEW compares an image sent by the camera with the previous image and takes steps when major variations are detected between adjacent images. This setup, when installed at places, which require much security ,could come in handy at times of security threats. A hardware setup comprises of a motion sensor and a buzzer. Whenever intruders break in, the motion sensor does its job successfully by sensing the motion and triggers the buzzer, Thus it alerts the surroundings, so that immediate security measures can be taken. In this way, the security risk is conveyed in an efficient and effective way.
REFERENCES
1(1) Peter A. Blume, The LabVIEW Style Book. New jersey, United states: Prentice Hall,2007.
2(2) Ian Fairweather, Anne Brumfield, “LabVIEW: A Developer's Guide to Real World Integration”
3(3) Andrew L. McDonough,2001, “LabVIEW: data acquisition & analysis for the movement sciences”, Prentice Hall.
4(4) Thomas Klinger (Ph.D.),2003, “Thomas Klinger, Image Processing With Labview and Imaq Vision”, Prentice Hall.
5)5) forums.ni.com › NI Developer Zone
OTHERS
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