Hi rscully,
I think a great starting place is the "Sound Input to File.vi" example found in the Example Finder. Since the output is waveform data, you should be able to extract the timing information from the waveform data. Try using the "Get Waveform Components" function. If that doesn't work for you, you may also want to just grab the time stamp from the system clock with the "Get Date/Time String" function.
To record the bark, you can perform signal processing to match the bark frequency. The first thing that comes to mind, is to record a bark, analyze the power spectrum to find the peak power at a specific frequency range. Then in your program, you can find the power spectrum for that specific frequency range, and if the peak within that range exceeds a threshold, record the bark and time-stamp. This method should be simple if you have the NI Spectral Measurements Toolkit.
See this tutorial.
Once you have verified that a bark has occurred, you may want to record the previous bark sound data and the post bark sound data. This will ensure that the entire bark is captured in a sound file. I have edited the "Sound Input to File.vi" example to demonstrate this. Please see the attached picture. I hope this helps!
