One way is to use an otherwise unused property of all your TYPEDEFS to store the name in. You could use CAPTION, DESCRIPTION, or TIP.
If you set the CAPTION property of your TYPEDEF to "My TypeDef", then your doc generator can use a contol refnum and a property node to get at the caption.
On second thought, that might only work for STRICT TYPEDEFS, since the caption may be independent otherwise.
Even if that works, it means going back and editing your 350+ files.
< UGLY HACK ALERT >
Another way is to compare the TYPE DESCRIPTORS to a known set of type descriptors.
Suppose your doc gen app has a cluster of 350+ instances (one instance of each) of your typedefs. You set the caption or label of each one of these to the text you want to see.
Use the CONTROLS[] property of the cluster to get an array of control refnums. When you have a control you want to find the type of, get its TYPE DESCRIPTOR.
Search thru your reference control refnum array, getting the TYPE DESCRIPTOR of each, and comparing it to the TYPE DESCRIPTOR of the control in question. When you find a match, extract the CAPTION of the reference control and use it.
Be aware that the TYPE DESCRIPTORS may be 100+ words long.
You might have to include the basic types (I16, U32, STR) in your reference cluster, or deal with them separately if not found in your table.
< /UGLY HACK ALERT >
The type descriptors are meant as an internal structure, with good reason, I suppose. NI can change them at any time. Still, comparing them for equality shuold always be valid.