OPC Client to OPC Server communication protocol is based on Microsofts DCOM architecture, which is an object model oriented communication mechanism based on RPC (TCP/IP). I as know, there is no checksum verification specifically as known in PLC protocols. However, there are some mechanism to support fault tolerance better. (see DCOM Technical Overview, section, Fault Tolerance)
You could find more info from Microsofts MSDN library e.g.
Serach from MS MSDN Library on "DCOM", or
DCOM Overview.
The OPC specification could be downloaded from the
ion.org>OPC Foundation, specifically you could find a white paper on OPC, DCOM and Security as pdf file.
Hope this helps
Roland
PS: If someone needs more info on Modbus specification you might find it on
Modbus.org