It really depends on your application. If you just want to take pictures, you could probably find a relatively cheap USB camera that would do the job. If you need to do analysis, you probably need a higher quality camera.
Medium quality images would be a standard analog camera with a PCI board. Only use color if you need it, because grayscale cameras give better quality images.
High quality images require a digital camera. I would recommend looking at firewire cameras, which offer a large number of resolutions and speeds.
Bruce
Bruce Ammons
Ammons Engineering